World Journal of Agricultural Research

The fishery sector occupies a significant position in the economy of Nigeria contributing 4% to agricultural GDP. The artisanal fisheries supplies 81.9% of the total domestic fish production in Nigeria. The result of this study which relied purely on field research examined the socio-economic activities of artisanal fisher folks in the east and west axes of Lagos state comprising Ibeju-Leki and Badagry areas. Five fishing communities were selected from each axis and 200 respondents (20 from each community) were sampled. Structured questionnaire, focus group discussion and interview sessions were used to collect data on socio-economic characteristics, livelihood parameters, cost of craft, gear and other fishing inputs, fish species and productivity. T-test and descriptive statistics were used for analyses. The analysis showed that there was no significant variation in the distribution pattern of the socio-economic characteristics and other parameters between the fishers' areas of operation.

World Journal of Agricultural Research. 2016, 4(1), 31-35. DOI: 10.12691/wjar-4-1-5
Pub. Date: March 12, 2016

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Effect of Tine Depth and Width on Soil Failure Angle, Cutting Coefficients and Power in Three-Dimensional Case: Computer Modeling

by Moayad B. Zaied, Ahmed M. El Naim, Omer A. Abdalla and Abuobieda M. Sulieman

Original Research

The dynamic response of soil to farm implements is a main factor in determining their performance. The interaction between tillage tools and soil is of a primary interest to the design and use of these tools for soil manipulation. A computer simulation is conducted by developing a program using C ++ programming language to study effect of tool depth and width on angle of soil failure plane, soil cutting coefficients, soil resistance force and Power requirements in three-dimensional soil cutting. The results demonstrated that at 0.2 m tine depth the highest values of angle of soil failure plane, frictional coefficient, overburden coefficient, soil cohesion coefficient and soil adhesion coefficient were 52.6°, 19.8, 49.54, 16.47 and 1.38 respectively and they were recorded by 0.04 m tine width while the lowest values in same sequence were 51.6°, 10.64, 22.05, 7.26 and 1.30 and they were recorded by 0.1 m width. The lowest values of soil resistance force and power were 1.77 kN and 1.03 kW and they were shown by 0.04 m width while the highest values were 2.07 kN and 2.26 kW and they were demonstrated by 0.1 m width of tine. At 0.3 m tine depth the highest values of angle of soil failure plane, frictional coefficient, overburden coefficient, soil cohesion coefficient and soil adhesion coefficient were 52.7°, 27.42, 72.54, 24.11 and 1.39 respectively and they were recorded by 0.04 m tine width while the lowest values in same sequence were 52.3°, 13.70, 31.23, 10.35 and 1.35 and they were recorded by 0.1 m width. The lowest values of soil resistance force and power were 4.27 kN and 4.66 kW and they were shown by 0.04 m width while the highest values were 4.86 kN and 5.29 kW and they were demonstrated by 0.1 m width of tine. At 0.4 m tine depth the highest values of angle of soil failure plane, frictional coefficient, overburden coefficient, soil cohesion coefficient and soil adhesion coefficient were 52.8°, 35.04, 95.27, 31.73 and 1.39 respectively and they were recorded by 0.04 m tine width while the lowest values in same sequence were 52.5°, 16.75, 40.39, 13.40 and 1.37 and they were recorded by 0.1 m width. The lowest values of soil resistance force and power were 8.19 kN and 8.93 kW and they were shown by 0.04 m width while the highest values were 9.13 kN and 9.95 kW and they were demonstrated by 0.1 m width of tine. It was concluded that Angle of soil failure plane and soil cutting coefficients decreased as tine working depth and width increased. Soil resistance force and power increased as angle of soil failure plane and soil cutting coefficients decreased as tine working depth and width increased.

World Journal of Agricultural Research. 2016, 4(1), 24-30. DOI: 10.12691/wjar-4-1-4
Pub. Date: January 30, 2016

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Phosphate Solubilising Bacteria from Mangrove Soils of Mahanadi River Delta, Odisha, India

by Bikash Chandra Behera, Sameer Kumar Singdevsachan, Rashmi Ranjan Mishra, Bijay Kumar Sethi, Sushil Kumar Dutta and Hruday Nath Thatoi

Original Research

The present study was conducted to isolate phosphate solubilising bacteria from mangrove soils of Mahanadi river delta, Odisha, India and evaluate their phosphate solubilising ability. In total forty-eight phosphate solubilising bacteria were isolated from different soil samples. Based on their size of halo zone formation on NBRIP agar medium and decrease in intensity of colour of the broth medium fourteen isolates were selected as efficient phosphate solubilising strains. Their efficiency on NBRIP agar medium were ranged from 108-175. Their ability to decrease the intensity of bluecolour of the NBRIP-BPB broth medium was ranged from 0.87 and 1.188 (O.D at 600nm). Phosphate solubilising ability test of these fourteen isolates showed that they can solubilise tricalciumphosphate from 8.21 to 48.70μg/ml and most of the isolates could acidified the medium supernatant below 4.0 from the initial pH 7.0. Morphological and biochemical characterisation of the isolates allowed us to identify them as members of the following genera: Pseudomonas, Bacillus, Alcaligens, Klebsiella, Serratia, Azotobacters and Micrococcus. All the fourteen PSB isolated from mangrove soil of Mahanadi river delta could efficiently solubilise tricalcium phosphate in the medium which could probably help for future application in biotechnology.

World Journal of Agricultural Research. 2016, 4(1), 18-23. DOI: 10.12691/wjar-4-1-3
Pub. Date: January 30, 2016

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The Development Strategy of Main Commodities of Rice in Buru District, Maluku

by Tri Wahyuningsih, Hayati Hehamahua and A.K.Saleh Sahupala

Original Research

This study aims to: 1) Analyze the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats for developing rice commodity. 2) Analyze the alternative formulation of appropriate strategies for the development of superior commodities of rice. 3) Determine the priorities strategically that should be chosen for the development of rice commodity. 4). Provide policy recommendations that can be done by the local government of Buru for the development of superior commodities of rice. This study applied descriptive method using SWOT analysis and QSPM as well as the number of respondents as many as 20 respondents generate a sequence of alternative strategies that can be carried out by the Buru Government, which are: 1) Improved the quality of rice; 2) Optimizing the use of existing land and opening the new market opportunities; 3) Developed agribusiness centers (industrial agriculture that led to the food (rice); 4) Application of technology of agricultural machinery and planting seeds; 5) Increasing the rice production through extension; and 6) Increase the promotion of rice seed products.

World Journal of Agricultural Research. 2016, 4(1), 9-17. DOI: 10.12691/wjar-4-1-2
Pub. Date: January 16, 2016

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Genetic Diversity and Potential High Temperature Tolerance in Barley (Hordeum vulgare)

by Salah Fatouh Abou-Elwafa and Karam A. Amein

Original Research

Heat stress is an important abiotic stress causing the major threat to the growth and development of most crop plants. A panel of 326 barley genotypes comprises of 320 wild barley accessions and six local cultivars were evaluated for days to heading (DTH), days to flowering (DTF), number of tillers per plant (NoT), plant height (PH), Chlorophyll content (CC), spike length (SL), thousand kernel weight (TKW) and single plant yield (SPY) under optimum sowing and heat-stressed conditions. All measured traits exhibited highly significant differences both among evaluated genotypes and between the optimum sowing and the heat-stressed conditions. Plants exposed to high temperatures flowered earlier. A drastic reduction in morphological and yield contributing traits, i.e., PH, NoT, SL, TKW, SPY and CC under heat stress conditions was observed. Cluster analysis revealed two distinct groups based on heat stress tolerance with substantial diversity among the heat tolerant genotypes.

World Journal of Agricultural Research. 2016, 4(1), 1-8. DOI: 10.12691/wjar-4-1-1
Pub. Date: January 04, 2016

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