Yellow Rust Effects on Grain Yield, and Yield Components of Some Spring Bread Wheat Cultivars under Rainfed Conditions

Sebei Abdennour^1, , Ferjaoui Sahbi¹ and Bchini Houcine²

¹University of Carthage, Field Crops Laboratory (INRAT), Regional Field Crops Research Center of Beja (CRRGCB); km 5, route de Tunis, Beja 9000

²University of Carthage, National Institute of Agricultural Research of Tunisia (INRAT), rue Hédi Karray, 2080 Tunisia.

Cite this paper

Sebei Abdennour, Ferjaoui Sahbi and Bchini Houcine. Yellow Rust Effects on Grain Yield, and Yield Components of Some Spring Bread Wheat Cultivars under Rainfed Conditions. World Journal of Agricultural Research. 2018; 6(2):65-69. doi: 10.12691/WJAR-6-2-5

Abstract

Stripe rust caused by Puccinia striiformis, is currently the major foliar disease of spring bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) in Tunisia, causing serious yield losses and affecting grain quality. Farmers often use foliar fungicide application or resistant cultivars to counter yield loss, however, this is hampered by a lack of resistant varieties. To investigate the effects of genetic resistance and foliar fungicide application on disease level and yield components, six improved varieties were evaluated at the regional experimental station in Beja during three consecutive growing seasons. Under natural stripe rust infection, three varieties were detected as completely resistant and the others are susceptible. The pathogen affected the leaf area in the susceptible varieties and reduces the above ground biomass at harvest, seed weight and grain yield. Fungicide application reduces the disease severity on the sensitive genotypes and improves biomass, seed weight, grain yield, and harvest index. Yield benefits were much greater in the use of resistant genotypes than fungicide application on the susceptible varieties; consequently the resistance to stripe rust can have more significant benefits to farmer and to the wheat industry.

Keywords

Puccinia striiformis, Triticum aestivum, resistant varieties, yield, fungicide.

Copyright

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

References

[1]	Zhang, Z.J., Yang, G.H., Li, G.H., Jin, S.L. and Yang, X.B., “Transgressive segregation, heritability, and number of genes controlling durable resistance to stripe rust in one Chinese and two Italian wheat cultivars”, Phytopathology , 91(7). 680-686. 2001.
[2]	Mamluk, O.F., Durum wheat diseases in West Asia and North Africa (WANA). In S. Rajaram, E. E. Sarri, G. P. Hettel (Ed.), “Durum wheat: challenges and opportunities”, (9th ed., p. 89-106). Mexico: CIMMYT Wheat Special Report. 1992.
[3]	Ma, H., and Singh, R.P., “Expression of adult resistance to stripe rust at different growth stages of wheat”, Plant Disease, 80(4). 375-379. 1996.
[4]	Imtiaz, M., Cromey, M.G., Hampton, J.G., and Ogbonnaya, F.C., “Genetics of stripe rust resistance in 'Karamu' wheat”, Australian Journal Agricultural Research, 56(6). 619-624. 2005.
[5]	Yahyaoui, A., Hakim, M.S., Al Naimi, M. and Rbeiz, N., “Evolution of physiologic races and virulence of Puccinia striiformis on wheat in Syria and Lebanon”, Plant Disease, 86(5). 499-504. 2002.
[6]	Wegulo, S.N., Zwingman, M.V., Breathnach, J.A., and Baenziger P.S., “Economic returns from fungicide application to control foliar diseases in winter wheat”, Crop Protection”, 30. 685-692. 2011.
[7]	McNeal, F.H., Konzak, C.F., Smith, E.P., Tate, W.S., and Russell, T.S., “A uniform system for recording and processing cereal research data”, US Dept. Agric. Res. Serv. ARS, 34. 121-43. 1971.
[8]	Ransom, J.K. and McMullen, M.V., “Yield and disease control on hard winter wheat cultivars with foliar fungicides”, Agronomy Journal, 100. 1130-1137. 2008.
[9]	Thompson, N.M., Epplin, F.M., Edwards, J.T., and Hunger, R.M., “Economics of foliar fungicides for hard red winter wheat in the USA southern Great Plains”, Crop Protection, 59. 1-6. 2014.
[10]	Lopez, J.A., rojas, K., and Swart, J., “The economics of foliar fungicide applications in winter wheat in Northeast Texas”, Crop Protrction, 67. 35-42. 2015.
[11]	Hawkesford, M.J., Araus, J.L., Park, R., Calderini, D., Miralles, D., and Shen, T., “Prospects of doubling global wheat yields”, Food and Energy security, 2: 34-48. 2013.
[12]	Robert, C., Bancal, M. O., Ney, B., and Lannou, C., “Changes in leaf wheat photosynthesis due to leaf rust, with respect to lesion development and leaf nitrogen status”, New Physiologist, 165. 227-241. 2005.
[13]	Wiersma, J.J., and Motteberg, C.D., “Eavalution of five fungicide application timings for control of leaf-spot diseases and Fusarium head blight in hard red spring wheat”, Canadian Journal of Plant Pathology, 27. 25-37. 2005.
[14]	Kelly, K.W., “Planting date and foliar fungicide effects on yield components and grain traits of winter wheat”, Agronomy Journal, 93. 380-389. 2001.
[15]	Bhatta, M., Regassa, T., Wegulo, S.N., and Baenziger, P.S., Foliar “Fungicide Effects on Disease Severity, Yield, and Agronomic Characteristics of Modern Winter Wheat Genotypes”, Agronomy Journal, 110. 1-9. 2018.
[16]	SAS Institute Inc., SAS/STAT User guide, version 9.1. SAS Institute Inc., Cary; USA. 2006.
[17]	Bancal, M.O., Robert, C., and Ney, B., “Modelling wheat growth and yield losses from late epidemics of foliar diseases using loss of green area per layer and pre-anthesis reserves”, Annals of Botany, 100. 777-789. 2007.
[18]	Jesus Junior, W.C., Vale, F.X.R., Coelho, R.R., Hau, B., Zambolim, L., Costa, L.C., and Bergamin Filho, A., “Effects of angular leaf spot and rust on yield loss of Phaseolus vulgaris”, Phytopathology, 91. 1045-1053. 2001.
[19]	Leilah A.A., and Al-Khateeb, S.A., “Statistical analysis of wheat yield under drought conditions”, Journal of Arid Environments 61, 483-496.2005.
[20]	Zakizadeh, M., Esmaeilzadeh, M., and Kahrizi; D., “Study on genetic variation and relationship between plant characteristics and grain yield in long spike bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) genotypes-using multivariate analysis”, Iranian Journal of Crop Sciences, 12(2). 18-30 .2010.
[21]	Robert, C., Bancal, M. O., Nicolas, P., Lannou, C., and Ney, B., “Analysis and modeling effects of leaf rust and Septoria tritici blotch on wheat growth”, Journal of Experimental Botany, 55. 1079-1094. 2004.