Effect of Biochar from Different Origin onPhysio-Chemical Properties of Soil and Yield of Garden Pea (Pisum sativum L.) at Paklihawa, Rupandehi, Nepal

Bishwoyog Bhattarai^1, , Jasmine Neupane¹, Surya Prasad Dhakal¹, Jaya Nepal¹, Barsha Gnyawali¹, Ramsharan Timalsina¹ and Ashmita Poudel¹

¹Paklihawa Campus, Institute of agriculture and animal Sciences, Tribhuvan University, Rupandehi District, Lumbini Zone, Nepal

Cite this paper

Bishwoyog Bhattarai, Jasmine Neupane, Surya Prasad Dhakal, Jaya Nepal, Barsha Gnyawali, Ramsharan Timalsina and Ashmita Poudel. Effect of Biochar from Different Origin onPhysio-Chemical Properties of Soil and Yield of Garden Pea (Pisum sativum L.) at Paklihawa, Rupandehi, Nepal. World Journal of Agricultural Research. 2015; 3(4):129-138. doi: 10.12691/WJAR-3-4-3

Abstract

A field experiment was conducted at the Horticulture farm of Paklihawa Campus, Institute of Agriculture and Animal Science, Rupandehi district to observe the effect of biochar from different origin on physio-chemical properties of soil and yield of garden pea (Pisum sativum L.) and evaluate them. The experiment was laid out in a Randomized Complete Block Design with four replications. A set up constituted of various treatments viz. rice husk biochar, poultry manure biochar, sheep manure biochar, farm yard manure biochar and wood biochar along with the control group. Results showed that number of pod/plant, number of seed/pod and biomass (ton/ha) were significantly affected by application of biochar of different origin. Application of rice husk biochar had higher effect on number of pod/plant, no of seed/pod, biomass (ton/ha) and green pod yield (ton/ha). Biochar of Poultry manure and of sheep manure had almost similar effect on soil nitrogen as of other types of biochar, while higher effect on soil phosphorus and potassium as compared to other biochar. Biochar of sheep manure had higher organic matter content and carbon percentage in soil than all other application of biochar. Application of all types of biochar showed highly significant results on bulk density and particle density. It was found that biochar of rice husk had greater particle density 2.61 g/cc and all the application had decreased bulk density except that of biochar prepared from wood. Thus, the soil where biochar was applied was found to be of better quality than that of the controlled one where no biochar was used. These results suggest that biochar could be one of the best options in poor quality soil and where burning practices are mostly adopted for cleaning the field.

Keywords

biochar, carbon percentage, garden pea, physiochemical properties, soil amendment

Copyright

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

References

[1]	Anderson, P. (2007). A review of micronutrient problem in cultivated soil of Nepal. Mountaion Research and Development, 27(4), 331-335.
[2]	Blackwell, P., Collins, M., & Reithmuller, G. (2009). Biochar application to soil. In J. Lehmann, & S. Josepsh, Biochar for environmental management: Scuence and Technology (pp. 207-226). London: Earthscan.
[3]	Brady, N. C., & Weil, R. C. (2013). The nature and properties of soils (14th revised ed.). Noida, India: Dorling Kindersley Pvt. Ltd.
[4]	Burges, J. (2009). The Biochar Debate: Charcoal’s potential to reverse climate change and build soil fertility. Vermont: Chelsea Green Publishing.
[5]	Carter, S., Shackley, S., Sohi, S., Suy, T. B., & Haefele, S. (2013). The Impact of Biochar Application on Soil Properties and Plant Growth of Pot Grown Lettuce (Lactuca sativa) and Cabbage (Brassica chinensis). Agronomy, 3, 404-418.
[6]	CBS. (2011). Population census-2011. Kathmandu, Nepal: National Planning Commission Secretariats.
[7]	Chan, K. Y., Zwieten, L. V., Meszaros, I., Downie, A., & Joseph, S. (2008). Using poultry litter biochar as soil amendments. Australian Journal of Soil Research, 46, 437-444.
[8]	Cheng, C. H., Lehmann, J., Thies, J. E., & Burton, S. D. (2008). Stability of black carbon in soils across a climatic gradient. Journal of Geophysical Research, 113, 20-27.
[9]	Cheng, C. H., Lehmann, J., Thies, J. E., Burton, S. D., & Engelhard, M. H. (2008). Oxidation of black carbon by biotic and abiotic processes. Organic Geochemistry, 37(11), 1477-1488.
[10]	Demirbas, A. (2002). An overview of biomass pyrolysis. Energy Source, 25, 471-482.
[11]	Demirbas, A. (2004). Determination of calorific values of bio-chars and pyrolysis of beech trunkbarks. Journal of Analytical & Applied Pyrolysis, 72, 215-219.
[12]	Dias, K. C. (2010). Steam Pyrolysis and Catalytic Steam Reforming of Biomass for Hydrogen and Biochar Production. Applied Engineering in Agriculture, 26, 137-146.
[13]	Franklin, R. E. (1951). Crystallite growth in graphitizing and non- graphitizing Carbons. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London, Series A, Mathematical and Physical Sciences, 209, 196-218.
[14]	Gaunt, J., & Lehmann, L. (2008). Energy Balance and emissions associated with biochar sequestration and pyrolysis bioenergy production. Environment Science and Technology, 42, 4152-4158.
[15]	Glaser, B., Haumaier, L., Guggenberger, G., & Zech, W. (2001). The Terra Preta Phenomenon: A model for Sustainable agriculture in the humid tropics. Naturwissenschaften, 88, 37-41.
[16]	Glaser, B., Lehmann, J., & Zech, W. (2002). Ameliorating physical and chemical properties of highly weathered soils in the tropics with charcoal-A review. Biol. Fertil. Soils, 35, 219-230.
[17]	Karaosmanoglu, F., Isigigur-Ergundenler, A., & Sever, A. (2000). Biochar from the straw-stalk of rapeseed plant. Energy and Fuels, 14, 336-339.
[18]	Lehmann, J. (2007a). Bioenergy in the black. Frontiers in Ecology and the environment, 5, 381-387.
[19]	Lehmann, J. (2007b). A Handful of Carbon. Nature, 447, 143-154.
[20]	Lehmann, J., & Joseph, S. (2009). Biochar for environmental management: Science and Technology. London: Earthscan.
[21]	Lehmann, J., Gaunt, J., & Rondon, M. (2006). Biochar sequestration in terrestrial ecosystems- a review. Mitigation and Adaption Strategies for global change, 11, 403-427.
[22]	Liang, B., Lehmann, J., Solomon, D., Kinyangi, J., Neill, B. O., & Grossman, J. (2006). Black Carbon increases Cation Exchange capacity in Soils. Soil Science Society of America Journal, 70, 1719-1730.
[23]	LRMP. (1986). Land capability report and maps. Kathmandu: Land Resources Mapping Project/ HMG and Ottawa, Canada: Kenting Earth Science.
[24]	Major, J. (2013). Practical aspects of biochar application to tree crops. IBI Technical Bulletin.
[25]	Masulili, A., Utomo, W. H., & Syechfani, M. (2010). Rice Husk Biochar for Rice Based Cropping System in Acid Soil: The Characteristics of Rice Husk Biochar and Its Influence on the Properties of Acid Sulfate Soils and Rice Growth in West Kalimantan, Indonesia. Journal of Agricultural Science, 2(1), 39-47.
[26]	Mayhead, G. J. (2010). Pyrolysis of Biomass. Berkeley: University of California.
[27]	Mekuria, W., & Noble, A. (2013). The Role of Biochar in Ameliorating Disturbed Soils and Sequestering Soil Carbon in Tropical Agricultural Production Systems. Applied and Environmental Soil Science, 1-10.
[28]	Novak, J., Busscher, W., Laird, D., Ahmedna, M., Watts, D., & Niandou, M. (2009). Impact of biochar amendment on fertility of a Southeastern Coastal Plain Soil. Soil Science, 174, 105-112.
[29]	Ogawa, M. (Undated). Introduction to the pioneer works of charcoal uses in agriculture, forestry and others in Japan. Unpublished manuscript.
[30]	Roberts, K. G. (2010). Life cycle Assesment of Biochar Systems: Estimatibg the Energetic, Economic and Climate Change Potential. Environment Science and Technology, 827-833.
[31]	Schahczenski, J. (2010). Biochar and Sustainable Agriculture. National Sustainable Agriculture Information Service . United States: A Publication of ATTRA.
[32]	Schmidt, M. I., & Noack, A. G. (2000). Black carbon in soils and sediments: Analysis, distribution, implications, and current challenges. Global Biogeochemical Cycles, 14, 777-794.
[33]	Schulz, H., Dunst, G., & Glaser, B. (2014). No Effect Level of Co-Composted Biochar on Plant Growth and Soil Properties in a Greenhouse Experiment. Agronomy, 4, 34-51.
[34]	Skjemstad, J. O., Clarke, P., Taylor, J. A., Oades, J. M., & McClure, S. G. (1996). The chemistry and nature of protected carbon in soil. Australian Journal of Soil Research, 34, 251-271.
[35]	Sohi, S., Lopez-capel, E., Krull, E., & Bol, R. (2009). Biochar, Climate Change and Soil: A review to guide future research. CSIRO Land Water Science Report.
[36]	Spokas, K. A., Koskinen, W. C., Baker, J. M., & Reicosky, D. C. (2009). Impacts of woodchip biochar additions on greenhouse gas production and sorption/degradation of two herbicides in a Minnesota soil. Chemosphere, 77, 574-581.
[37]	Srinivassarao, C., Singh, A. K., Sumanata, K., Vittal, G., Babu, V. S., Chary, R. G., & Reddy, T. (2012). Soil Carbon sequestration and agronomic productivity of an Alfasol for a groundnut-based system in a semiarid environment in Southern India. European Journal of Agronomy, 43, 40-48.
[38]	Tilman, D. (2009). The greening of the green revolution. Nature, 396, 211-212.
[39]	Tryon, E. H. (1948). Effect of charcoal on certain physical, chemical, and biological properties of forest soils. Ecological Monographs, 18, 81-115.
[40]	Verheijen, F., Jeffery, S., Bastos, A., Velde, M. V., & Diafas, I. (2010). Biochar Application to Soils: A Critical Scientific Review of Effects on Soil Properties, Processes and Functions. Italy: Institute for Environment and Sustainability, Joint Research Centre, European Commission.
[41]	Warnock, D. D., Lehmann, J., Kuyper, T., & Rillig, M. (2007). Mycorhizal responses to biochar in soil- Concepts and mechanisms. Plant and Soil, 3, 9-20.
[42]	Woolf, D. (2008). Biochar as soil amendment: A review of the environmental implications. Nature, 1-10.
[43]	Yamato, M., Okimori., Y., Wibowo, I. F., Anshori, S., & Ogawa, M. (2006). Effect of the application of charred bark of Acacia mangium on the yield of maize, cowpea and peanut, and soil chemical properties in South Sumatra, Indonesia. Soil Science and Plant Nutrition, 52, 489-495.