Screening of Two Ocimum tenuiflorum L. (Lamiaceae) Morphotypes for their Morphological Characters, Essential Oil Composition and Fruit Fly Attractant Ability

R.M. Dharmadasa^1, , D.A.S. Siriwardhane¹, K. Samarasinghe¹, S.H.C.S. Rangana², L. Nugaliyadda¹, Indika Gunawardane³ and A.M.L. Aththanayake¹

¹Industrial Technology Institute, 363, Bauddhaloka Mawatha, Colombo 7, Sri Lanka

²Faculty of Agriculture, University of Ruhuna, Kamburupitiya, Sri Lanka

³CIC Holdings, Colombo -2, Sri Lanka

Cite this paper

R.M. Dharmadasa, D.A.S. Siriwardhane, K. Samarasinghe, S.H.C.S. Rangana, L. Nugaliyadda, Indika Gunawardane and A.M.L. Aththanayake. Screening of Two Ocimum tenuiflorum L. (Lamiaceae) Morphotypes for their Morphological Characters, Essential Oil Composition and Fruit Fly Attractant Ability. World Journal of Agricultural Research. 2015; 3(1):1-4. doi: 10.12691/WJAR-3-1-1

Abstract

Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel) (Diptera: Tephritidae) is the destructive pest of over 300 cultivated and wild fruits all over the world. Present study describes the morphology, essential oil content and composition and bioassay on fruit fly attractant ability of essential oil of two Ocimum tenuiflorum morphotypes (MT₁ purple and MT₂ purple-green) grown in Sri Lanka. Four months old, O. tenuiflorum aerial parts were hydro-distilled for 4 h. GC-MS analysis of essential oils and bio-assay for B. dorsalis attractant ability was performed using previously established methodologies. The yield of the essential oils of O. tenuiflorum MT₁ and MT₂ were 1.51±0.02% and 1.45±0.01% (v/w), respectively. Eighteen compounds were identified, which encountered over 97% of the oil constituents. The main constituents found in the oil of MT₁ were methyl eugenol (72.50±1.03%) followed by β-caryophyllene (17.53±2.0%), germacrene D (1.55±0.10%), β-elemene (2.46±0.17%), while methyl eugenol (64.23±2.43%), β-caryophyllene (13.29±2.18%), β-elemene (6.94±1.41%), germacrene D (2.47±0.96%), were from extracted from MT₂. Bioassays conducted on essential oils of MT₁, MT₂ and purified Methyl Eugenol demonstrated that the B. dorsalis attractant ability of essential oil MT1 (106±8.1), MT2 104±2 and commercial Methyl Eugenol (111±8.5) was not significantly different during the first week of the experiment. Results of our study open an avenue for use of essential oil of Ocimum tenuiflorum as potential natural para pheromone source for fruit fly control and monitoring in fruit industry in Sri Lanka.

Keywords

Ocimum tenuiflorum, Lamiaceae, fruit fly, methyl eugenol, parapheromone, essential oil

Copyright

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

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