Screening of Local and Introduced Varieties of Pogostemon heyneanus Benth. (Lamiaceae), for Superior Quality Physical, Chemical and Biological Parameters

R.M. Dharmadasa^1, , R.M.D.H. Rathnayake², D.C. Abeysinghe², S. A. N. Rashani¹, K. Samarasinghe¹ and A.L.M Attanayake¹

¹Herbal Technology Section, Industrial Technology Institute, Bauddhaloka Mawatha, Colombo 7, Sri Lanka

²Department of Plantation Management, Faculty of Agriculture and Plantation Management, Wayamba University of Sri Lanka, Makandura, Gonawila (NWP), Sri Lanka

Cite this paper

R.M. Dharmadasa, R.M.D.H. Rathnayake, D.C. Abeysinghe, S. A. N. Rashani, K. Samarasinghe and A.L.M Attanayake. Screening of Local and Introduced Varieties of Pogostemon heyneanus Benth. (Lamiaceae), for Superior Quality Physical, Chemical and Biological Parameters. World Journal of Agricultural Research. 2014; 2(6):261-266. doi: 10.12691/WJAR-2-6-2

Abstract

Pogostemon heyneanus Benth. (Lamiaceae) is an aromatic, perfumery important, industrial crop widely cultivated in many Asian countries for its distinguished fragrance and other therapeutic purposes. However, commercial cultivation of P. heyneanus was hampered due to lack of high quality planting materials. Purpose of the present study is to explore superior quality P. heyneanus variety by means of physical (morphological), chemical (physico-chemical, phytochemical, essential oil content and composition) and biological [total antioxidant capacity (TAC)] parameters in order to establish commercial cultivation. Morphological, physico-chemical and phytochemical analysis were performed according to the methods described in WHO guidelines and other classical texts. The TAC was performed using Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Power (FRAP) assay. Essential oil was analyzed by gas chromatography Mass Spectrometry (GC/MS). Out of 26 morphological characters assessed, 5 characters were i.e. plant height, leaf margin, leaf apex, and leaf base and leaf shape polymorphic. All phytochemicals tested were identical to both varieties. However, presence of a prominent spots at Rf 0.12 (dark brown spot), 0.20 (rose colour spot), 0.45 (dark green spot) were characteristic for local variety. Significantly higher total ash content (12.32 %), oil content (0.52%), higher number of compounds in essential oil, patchouli alcohol content (57.0 %) and antioxidant capacity (108.53 ± 2.5 mg Trolox equivalent per g of extract) were reported in introduced variety. According to the results, introduced variety possesses superior quality physical, chemical and biological properties and therefore, introduced variety could be recommended for establishment of commercial cultivation.

Keywords

Pogostemon heyneanus, Lamiaceae, antioxidant capacity, GC MS analysis, essential oil, Patchouli alcohol

Copyright

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

References

[1]	Jayaweera, D.M.A., 1981. Medicinal Plants (Indigenous and Exotic) Used in Ceylon, 3 pp 110-111.
[2]	Robbins, S.R.J., 1983. Natural essential oils. Current trends in production, marketing and demand. Perfumer and Flavorist. 8, 75-82.
[3]	Tao, C., 1983. China’s burgeoning aromatic industry. Perfumer and Flavorist. 7, 1. Ting Qiu and Haixing Liand Yusheng Cao., 2010. Pre-staining thin layer chromatography method for amino acid detection. African Journal of Biotechnology. 9, 8679-8681.
[4]	Ramar Murugan and Gopal Rao Mallavarapu., 2013. α-Bisabolol, the main constituent of the essential oil of Pogostemon speciosus. Industrial Crops and Products. 49, 237-239.
[5]	Arie Fitzgerald Blank., Tricia Cavalcanti Pergentino Santana., Priscilla Santana Santos., Maria Fatima Arrigoni-Blank., Ana Paula do Nascimento Prata., Hugo Cesar Ramos Jesus., Pericles Barreto Alves., 2011. Chemicalcharacterizationof the essential oil from patchouli accessions harvested over four seasons. Industrial Crops and Products. 34, 831-837.
[6]	Kuntal Das, N. K., Nilesh, K., Gupta, S., Viyayabhaskar, U.M., Manjunath 2011. Anti microbial potential of pachouli oil cultivated on acidic zone of South India. India Journal of Noval drug discovery. 3, 104-111.
[7]	Yu Cui Li., Shao-Zhong Peng, Ming Chen, Feng-Xue Zhang, Pei Ping Xu, Jian HuiXie., 2012. Oral administration of patchouli alcohol isolated from Pogostemon Herba augments protection against influenza viral infection in mice. International Immunopharmacology. 12, 294-301.
[8]	Jin Boo Jeong., Yong Kyu Shin, Seong-Ho Lee., 2013 Anti-inflammatory activity of patchouli alcohol in RAW264.7 and HT-29 cells. Food and Chemical Toxicology. 55, 229-233.
[9]	Ji-Yan Sua., Li-Rong Tana., Ping Lai., Hai-Chun Lianga., Zhen Qinb., Mu-Rong Yeb,Xiao-Ping., Lai Zi-Ren Su., 2012. Experimental study on anti-inflammatory activity of a TCM recipe consisting of the supercritical fluid CO2 extract of Chrysanthemum indicum, Patchouli Oil and Zedoary Turmeric Oil in vivo. Journal of Ethnopharmacology. 141, 608-614.
[10]	Anon 1998. Quality Control Methods for Herbal Materials, World health Organization (WHO).
[11]	Abeysinghe, D.C., Li X. Sun, C., Zhang, W., Zhou, C., Chen. K, 2007. Bioactive compounds and antioxidant capacities in different edible tissues of citrus fruits of four species. Food chemistry, 104, 1338-1344.
[12]	Benzie, I.F.F., and Strain,J.J., 1996. The ferric reducing ability of plasma as a measure of Antioxidant Power: the FRAP assay. Journal of Analytical Biochemistry. 293, 70-76.
[13]	Chandur, S., Shashidhar, S.B., Chandrasekar, M., Bhanumathy., Midhun, T., 2011. Phytochemical evaluation and anti-arthritic activity of root of Saussure alappa. Pharmacologia, 265-267.
[14]	Sharanabasappa, G.K., Santosh,M.K., Shaila, D., Seetharam, Y.N and Sanjeevarao, I., 2007. Phytochemical Studies on Bauhinia racemosa Lam., Bauhinia purpurea Linn. and Hardwickia binate Roxb. E-Journal of Chemistry. 4, 21-31.
[15]	Bharat Gami and Parabia M.H. 2010. Pharmacognostic evaluation of bark and seeds of Mimusop selengi L. International Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2, 110-113.
[16]	Rao, Y. and Xiang, B. (2009). Determination of Total Ash and Acid-insoluble Ash of Chinese Herbal Medicine Prunellae spica by Near Infrared Spectroscopy. Yakugaku Zasshi, 129 (7), 881-886
[17]	Kunle, O.F., Egharevba, H.O. and Ahmadu, P.O. (2012). Standardization of herbal medicines - A review. International Journal of Biodiversity and Conservation, 4 (3), 101-112.
[18]	Mary E. Floyd., 1980. Phenolic chemotaxonomy of the genus Pelea A. Gray (Rutaceae). Pacific Science. 33, 153-156.
[19]	Sandra Apers., Tania Naessens., Luc Pieters, Arnold Vlietinck., 2006. Densitometric thin-layer chromatographic determination of aescin in a herbal medicinal product containing Aesculus and Vitis dry extracts. Journal of Chromatography A.1112, 165-170.
[20]	Peishan Xie., Sibao Chen., Yi-zeng Liang., Xianghong Wang, Runtao Tian., Roy Upton., 2006. Chromatographic fingerprint analysis a rational approach for quality assessment of traditional Chinese herbal medicine. Journal of Chromatography A. 1112, 171-180.
[21]	Elamthuruthy, A.T., Shah, C.R., Khan, T.A., Tatke, P.A., Gabhe, S.Y., 2005. Standardization of marketed Kumariasava—an Ayurvedic Aloe vera product. Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Analysis. 37, 937-941.
[22]	Abeysinghe, D.C., Wijerathne, S.M.N.K., Dharmadasa, R.M (2014). Secondary Metabolites Contents and Antioxidant Capacities of Acmella oleraceae Grown under Different Growing Systems. World Journal of Agricultural Research. 2(4), 163-167.
[23]	Abeysiri, G. R. P. I., Dharmadasa, R. M. Abeysinghe, D. C. and K. Samarasinghe (2013). Screening of phytochemical, physico- chemical and bioactivity of different parts of Acmella oleraceae Murr. (Asteraceae), a natural remedy for toothache. Ind. Crops Prod. 50: 852-856
[24]	Dharmadasa, R.M. Samarasinghe K, Adhihetty P, and Hettiarachchi P.L. (2013) Comparative Pharmacognostic Evaluation ofMunronia Pinnata (Wall.) Theob. (Meliaceae) and Its Substitute Andrographis paniculata (Burm.f.) Wall. Ex Nees (Acanthaceae). World Journal of Agricultural Research 1, no. 5: 77-81.
[25]	Dharmadasa, R.M., Asitha Siriwardana, Kosala Samarasinghe, and Adhihetty, P. (2013). Standardization of Gyrinops Walla Gaertn. (Thymalaeaceae): Newly Discovered, Fragrant Industrial Potential, Endemic Plant from Sri Lanka. World Journal of Agricultural Research 1, No. 6: 101-103.
[26]	Sundaresan, S.P. Singh and Mishra, A.N., 2009. Composition and Comparison of Essential oils of Pogostemon cablin (Blanco) Benth. (Patchouli) and Pogostemon travancoricus Bedd. var. travancoricus. Journal of Essential Oil Research. 21, 220-222.
[27]	Bunrathep, S., Lockwood, G.B., Songsak, T. and Ruangrungsi. N. 2006. Chemical constituents from leaves and cell cultures of Pogostemon cablin and use of precursor feeding to improve patchouli alcohol level. J. Sci. Asia. 32, 293-296.
[28]	Nguyên Xuân D˜ung., Piet A. Leclercq., Tran Huy Thai and La Dinh Moi., 1989. Chemical Composition of Patchouli Oil from Vietnam. J. Essent. Oil Res. 1.
[29]	Abdullah Ijaz Hussain, Farooq Anwar, Tahira Iqbal., 2010. Antioxidant attributes of four Lamiaceae essential oils. Pak. J. Bot. 43, 1315-1321.
[30]	Farnsworth N.R., 1966 Biological and phytochemical screening of plants. Journal of pharmaceutical Science. 55, 225-276.
[31]	Benavente, G.O., Castillo, J., Marin, F.R., Ortuno, A., Del, R.J.A. (1997). Uses and properties of citrus flavonoids. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 45(12) 4505-4515.